{"id":107,"date":"2026-09-12T11:05:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T11:05:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/?p=107"},"modified":"2026-09-12T12:10:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T12:10:08","slug":"sedesata-leta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/?p=107","title":{"rendered":"\u0160edes\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Tak\u017ee jak to v\u0161echno za\u010dalo?<br><br>S prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednkou o rock&#8217;n&#8217;rollu v SSSR se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me v roce 1957, v dob\u011b, kdy se v Moskv\u011b konal Sv\u011btov\u00fd festival ml\u00e1de\u017ee a student\u016f. Tedy v dob\u011b takzvan\u00e9ho t\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy krom\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed hudby, za\u010daly do rigidn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nen\u00e1padn\u011b pronikat i dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fddobytky imperialistick\u00e9 kultury &#8211; d\u017e\u00edny, tenisky nebo badminton.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"708\" src=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5034693_original.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-116\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5034693_original.png 975w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5034693_original-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/5034693_original-768x558.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na formov\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 rockov\u00e9 hudby m\u011bly vliv d\u00edla z\u00e1padn\u00edch um\u011blc\u016f: americk\u00fdch zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016f Eddieho Cochrana, Chucka Berryho, Elvise Presleyho, ale tak\u00e9 britsk\u00fdch skupin The Beatles, The Rolling Stones a The Kinks.<br>Prvn\u00ed skupiny za\u010daly vznikat okolo roku 1964 &#8211; Sokol (\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b), Sver\u010dki (\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0447\u043a\u0438), Lesnye Bratya (\u041b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f) a dal\u0161\u00ed, hr\u00e1ly hlavn\u011b p\u0159evzat\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed skladby. Zp\u00edvaly Beatles, Rolling Stones, Beach Boys, pozd\u011bji t\u0159eba i Jimiho Hendrixe. Vystupovaly v\u00fdhradn\u011b na tane\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav\u00e1ch a ve studentsk\u00fdch kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/scale_1200-1024x627.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-120\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/scale_1200-1024x627.png 1024w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/scale_1200-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/scale_1200-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/scale_1200.png 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00da\u0159ady zpo\u010d\u00e1tku k nov\u00e9mu hudebn\u00edmu \u017e\u00e1nru p\u0159istupovaly shov\u00edvav\u011b. Komsomolsk\u00e9 organizace dokonce po\u0159\u00e1daly r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00eddky a sout\u011b\u017ee. Proveden\u00ed p\u00edsn\u00ed v anglick\u00e9m jazyce sice nebylo v\u00edt\u00e1no, ale jejich v\u00fdskyt byl vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n t\u00edm, \u017ee se jednalo o protestn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b proti v\u00e1lce ve Vietnamu. A stejn\u011b jako u n\u00e1s se rocku ne\u0159\u00edkalo rock, ale beat nebo big beat.<br><br>Ru\u0161tina se v textech skladeb za\u010dala objevovat okolo roku 1965. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148 v ru\u0161tin\u011b se jmenovala \u201eGde tot kraj\u201c (\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439). Napsali ji \u010dlenov\u00e9 moskevsk\u00e9 skupiny Sokol Jurij Ermakov a Igor Gon\u010daruk. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b slo\u017eili rockov\u00fd hit \u201eVesennyj do\u017e\u010f\u201c (\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u044c) hudebn\u00edci ze skupiny Integral (\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b) \u2014 Bari Alibasov a Michail Arapov.<br><br>Postupn\u011b za\u010dalo rockov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v SSSR nab\u00edrat na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch a hudebn\u00ed skupiny za\u010daly vznikat jako houby po de\u0161ti. V Moskv\u011b byl v roce 1967 zalo\u017een beatov\u00fd klub, a podle jeho seznam\u016f bylo v roce 1969 v SSSR v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i sta skupin.<br>Interpreti jako Volosatye Stekla (\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430), Zakat Svetla Vru\u010dnuyu (\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e) Rusko-Tureckaya Voyna (\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430) ale st\u00e1le sp\u00ed\u0161e kop\u00edrovali sv\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed vzory. Skv\u011ble se bavili, ale z kulturn\u00edho hlediska nep\u0159inesli nic nov\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Integral-tv-1024x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-118\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Integral-tv-1024x608.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Integral-tv-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Integral-tv-768x456.jpg 768w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Integral-tv.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V roce 1966 za\u010dal vyd\u00e1vat muzikolog Sergej Korotkov samizdatov\u00fd \u010dasopis \u201eBit-Echo\u201c \u2013 prvn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 periodikum v\u011bnovan\u00e9 rock&#8217;n&#8217;rollu.<br><br>Rockov\u00e9 soubory vznikaly hlavn\u011b ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00edch. V roce 1968 v moskevsk\u00e9 \u0161kole \u010d. 19 to byla nap\u0159\u00edklad skupina The Kids, kterou zalo\u017eil Andrej Makarevi\u010d. O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny zm\u011bnili n\u00e1zev na Time Machines a od roku 1973 na \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. Je to jedin\u00e1 rusk\u00e1 rockov\u00e1 skupina, kter\u00e1 existuje dodnes &#8211; v\u00edce jak 50 let.<br>B\u011bhem beatlem\u00e1nie m\u011bla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola svou vlastn\u00ed rockovou kapelu. Mnoho z t\u011bchto skupin se pak stalo hlavn\u00edmi tv\u00e1\u0159emi sc\u00e9ny sedmdes\u00e1t\u00e1ch let (\u0420\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0410\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0442\u044b, \u0423\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438). V\u00fdvoj beatov\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny vedl ke vzniku prvn\u00edho rockov\u00e9ho klubu &#8222;KM&#8220; (podle n\u00e1zvu zmrzlinov\u00e9 kav\u00e1rny, v jej\u00edm\u017e budov\u011b se nach\u00e1zel).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/610802343_2762613644092741_1957948666857292281_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-117\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/610802343_2762613644092741_1957948666857292281_n.jpg 720w, https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/610802343_2762613644092741_1957948666857292281_n-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hudebn\u00edci nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch kapel v t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010delili dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b omezily jejich \u010dinnost. Prvn\u00ed byla nedostupnost nahr\u00e1vac\u00edch studi\u00ed. Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dob se dochovalo jen velmi m\u00e1lo nahr\u00e1vek tehdej\u0161\u00edch skupin. Jsou mezi nimi nahr\u00e1vky skupin Skify (\u0421\u043a\u0438\u0444\u044b) a Sokol, kter\u00e1 v roce 1968 nato\u010dila soundtrack k anim\u00e1ku \u201e\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\u201c. Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem bylo, \u017ee po ukon\u010den\u00ed univerzity si museli hudebn\u00edci b\u00fdval\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch skupin nuceni vybrat &#8211; bu\u010f za\u010d\u00edt pracovat ve sv\u00e9 specializaci nebo se p\u0159ipojit k profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm, nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 progresivn\u00edm hudebn\u00edm t\u00fdm\u016fm, takzvan\u00fdm \u0412\u0418\u0410 (\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u044c).<br><br>Beat se za\u010dal rozv\u00edjet i v provin\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech SSSR. 1. ledna 1966 se v Charkov\u011b konal prvn\u00ed minifestival m\u00edstn\u00edch kapel v Dom\u011b kultury \u017eelezni\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016f . Prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed festival v zemi prob\u011bhl 18. prosince 1966 v Kamensko-Uralsku ve Sverdlovsk\u00e9 oblasti. Uspo\u0159\u00e1dal ho vedouc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed kapely Mesja\u010dniki (\u041c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438) Vladim\u00edr Prokin a z\u00fa\u010dastnily se \u010dty\u0159i skupiny. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm miln\u00edkem se stal festival v Rostov\u011b na Donu, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji proslul jako Woodstock on Don. Obdobou na\u0161ich Beatov\u00fdch festival\u016f byly festivaly v Jerevanu, kter\u00e9 se konaly v letech 1968-1972 a byly p\u0159ehl\u00eddkou zejm\u00e9na slavn\u00fdch moskevsk\u00fdch skupin.<br><br>A pak za\u010dalo p\u0159ituhovat. Na podzim roku 1969 se v aule Polytechnick\u00e9ho institutu konal koncert skupiny Flamingo na kter\u00e9m do\u0161lo k medializovan\u00e9mu incidentu a kter\u00fd zavdal k ta\u017een\u00ed proti rockov\u00e9 hudb\u011b. Dav student\u016f vyrazil dve\u0159e s\u00e1lu a zdemoloval ho. Skupina Flamingo byla obvin\u011bna z podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k n\u00e1sil\u00ed a propagace nemravnosti (na p\u00f3diu \u00fadajn\u011b tan\u010dily nah\u00e9 d\u00edvky), a proti jej\u00edm \u010dlen\u016fm bylo zah\u00e1jeno trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Pomalu se bl\u00ed\u017eila 70. l\u00e9ta \u2013 doba undergroundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0411\u0438\u0442-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 &quot;\u041c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438&quot;, \u0420\u0438\u0433\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c - \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 1967 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\" width=\"760\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Yid80ik95eQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0410\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0442\u044b - 1967 (\u0412\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043c)\" width=\"760\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SjUFKv7WS4Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0421\u043a\u0438\u0444\u044b \u2014 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043c 1969 \/ \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c 1971 \/\/ Skify (The Scythians) \u2014 Early soviet rock recordings\" width=\"760\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/L_Ga_8jzAc4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0414\u0436\u0430\u0437 - \u043a\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0418\u041d\u0422\u0415\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041b  -  \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u044c\" width=\"760\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aucnWUf7HVU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u2013 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\" width=\"760\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sa-xYI-01RQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tak\u017ee jak to v\u0161echno za\u010dalo? S prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednkou o rock&#8217;n&#8217;rollu v SSSR se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me v roce 1957, v dob\u011b, kdy se v Moskv\u011b konal Sv\u011btov\u00fd festival ml\u00e1de\u017ee a student\u016f. Tedy v dob\u011b takzvan\u00e9ho t\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy krom\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed hudby, za\u010daly do rigidn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nen\u00e1padn\u011b pronikat i dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fddobytky imperialistick\u00e9 kultury &#8211; d\u017e\u00edny, tenisky nebo badminton.<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/?p=107\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8222;\u0160edes\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta&#8220;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sovetskyrock"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":136,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions\/136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/martinvacke.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}